titanium Beneficiation
Titanium often occurs as oxide minerals. There are mainly ilmenite (FeTiO3), rutile (TiO2) and titanium magnetite that have industrial value utilization.
Titanium ore needs to be beneficiated to improve the comprehensive recycling rate of concentrate. The titanium beneficiation process includes gravity separation, magnetic separation, electric separation, flotation and combined beneficiation methods.
titanium ore processing
Type of titanium
Rock ore titanium: Rock ore is mainly titanium-containing composite iron ore, which has a dense structure and is difficult to mine and select. Through multi-stage crushing and screening, gravity separation, magnetic separation, electric separation and less flotation are used to improve the TiO2 grade of titanium ore.
Alluvial ore titanium: The titanium minerals in the alluvial are mainly ilmenite, with less rutile, white titanium and anatase. It often coexists with zircon and monazite, etc., and heavy sand minerals are in a fine-grained state. Gangue is dominated by silicate minerals. The combined process of gravity separation, magnetic separation and electric separation is mainly used in production.
According to the different types of titanium minerals, it is generally divided into the following three types:
- Titanium-Magnetite: It’s often appears in magnetite and non-metallic minerals in the form of independent inclusions. The principle of processing this kind of ore is to throw the tailings roughly as much as possible, and then conduct grinding and magnetic separation on the titanium concentrate.
- Hematite-Titanium type: This type of ore are very fine and tightly symbiotic. Only titanium mixed concentrate can be selected for beneficiation, and then pyrometallurgy to obtain pig iron and high-titanium slag.
- Perovskite-Titanium magnetite: Generally, wet weak magnetic separation is used to select titanium magnetite. Then use the fatty acid collector to flotation the calcite, remove the intermediate ore, and flotation the titanium.
titanium Beneficiation Process
1. Gravity Separation
It is to remove the gangue minerals in the ore through jig concentrator, spiral chute, shaking table and other equipment after the raw ore is crushed. It is mainly suitable for coarse-grained embedded titanium and fine-grained collectively disseminated titanium.
2. Magnetic separation
Because titanium has weak magnetism and can be separated from non-magnetic minerals by magnetic separation. It is widely used in iron removal operations to improve the concentrate grade of titanium, and can also be used to enrich titanium with a small proportion of gangue minerals.
3. Flotation separation
Flotation is an effective method for recovering fine-grained titanium and can obtain sulphide concentrates.
4. Electric separation
Electric separator is mainly a method of treating raw ore containing non-conductive impurities such as titanium pyroxene. This method has requirements on the particle size of titanium, which cannot be lower than 0.04mm. Pretreatments such as heating and radiation exposure are required before sorting.
5. Combined process
Titanium often contains a variety of minerals and impurities, such as rutile, zirconite, plagioclase, sulfide minerals and so on. Currently combined methods include: magnetic separation + flotation, gravity separation + flotation, magnetic separation + gravity separation, gravity separation – magnetic separation – flotation – electric separation. The combined beneficiation method has the advantages of large processing capacity, simple operation, less investment in equipment, and good beneficiation effect. Improve the grade and recovery rate of minerals and realize the comprehensive utilization of minerals.
titanium Processing Plant
Rock Titanium Separation Plant
Coarse crushing – fine crushing – grinding – magnetic separation – gravity separation – magnetic separation – dehydration. The equipment that needs to be prepared mainly includes: crusher, ball mill, magnetic separator, spiral chute, shaker, thickener and other equipment.
- Pre-selection: select and discard part of the tailings from the mined rock ore, in order to improve the beneficiation capacity. Pre-selection commonly used methods such as magnetic pulley magnetic separation, dense medium cyclone and other rough separation.
- Iron separation: By separating titanium-containing composite iron ore, iron concentrate or vanadium iron concentrate for ironmaking can be obtained, and most iron and titanium can be separated. Commonly used magnetic separator for iron separation.
- Titanium separation: The tailings after iron separation are crushed and screened in multiple stages, and various methods such as gravity separation, magnetic separation, electric separation and flotation are used to improve the TiO2 grade of titanium ore.
Alluvial Titanium Processing Plant
1. Washing & Desliming: When the raw ore contains a lot of mud, it must be washing and desliming first. Desliming generally uses a hydrocyclone.
2. Grinding& classifying: The materials that have reached the particle size are evenly sent to the ball mill through the conveyor. The ore powder discharged from the ball mill enters the classifier and enters the classification;
3. Separation: The minerals discharged from the classifier enter the magnetic separator for rough separation, and the concentrate is selected through the rough separation and enters the beneficiation. If gravity beneficiation is carried out directly, a spiral chute can be used to obtain coarse concentrate containing heavy sand minerals, and then enter the magnetic separator for separation. For ores such as red gold, zircon, rutile, etc., electric separator is used to separate them by utilizing the difference in conductivity between different minerals.
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